With stocks, you own a small piece of a company.  However, with options, you purchase the right to buy or sell underlying stock.  There are two basic types of options – calls and puts.  When you purchase a call option, you buy the right to purchase a stock at a specific price before a specific date.  When purchasing put options, you buy the right to sell a stock at a specific price before a specific date.  Like stocks, you can both buy and sell options. 

Traders consider buying call options when they are bullish on an underlying stock.  As the stock rises, call options, in general, also rise.  There are, though, some important differences between buying an underlying stock and its call options.  First, options are cheaper than buying the underlying stock.  If you a share of XYZ is $100, it may cost you the same to control 1000 shares with options.

Options are cheaper because they have a strike price and an expiration date.  The strike price of a call option is the price at which you have the right to purchase the stock.  If the price of an underlying stock is above the strike price, the call option is considered “in-the-money.”  If the price of the stock is below the strike price, the call option is “out-of-the-money” while it is “at-the-money” if the stock is the same price as the strike price.  Call options that are in-the-money have inherent value.  For example, let’s say the price of stock XYZ increased to $105.  You, however, own a call option with a strike price of $100.  You thus have the option to buy XYZ at $100 while selling it for $105.  This in-the-money call option thus as an inherent value of $5.  Call options that are at-the-money do not have any inherent value.  For instance, it would not be worth it to exercise a call option with a strike price of $15 because you cannot sell it for a profit.  Call options that are out-of-the-money actually have a negative inherent value since the stock would have to rise just to get to the strike price.  The farther the stock price is from the strike price, the lower the inherent value. 

The expiration date is the time until which you have to exercise your option.  Because options expire, they have a time value.  As the expiration draws nearer, the time value of call options decrease because there is less time for the underlying stock to increase in value.  A call option that expires in a year will therefore have much greater time value than a call option that expires in a week.  The price of options are roughly calculated by:

                  Option price = inherent value + time value

There are several exit strategies with call options.  If you do nothing and let an option expire, call options that are at-the-money or out-of-the-money will become worthless – they will have no inherent or time value.  However, if a call option is in-the-money at expiration, you can exercise your option for a profit.  Many option trading companies will automatically exercise options that are in-the-money at expiration for you. 

Most option traders, however, have no intention of ever owning the underlying stock.  Traders often sell their options well before expiration.  Call options, in general, increase in value with the underlying stock.  Thus, if a stock rises, you can usually sell a corresponding call option at a profit. 

This can be beneficial because it leverages your capital.  Let’s say you have $1000 to invest.  If a share of XYZ costs $100, you can buy 10 shares.  However, a call option of XYZ, with a strike price of $100, costs only $10.  You can thus alternatively purchase 100 call options of XYZ.  If shares of XYZ go to $105 at expiration, owning the stock would give you a profit of $50.  Owning the options, however, would give you a profit of roughly $500.  The risk in call options, however, is that this increase in price needs to occur before the expiration date. 

For more information about trading options, visit DayTradingModels.com

1. The stock’s past history and movement.

2. Expected earnings reports of the stock’s parent company.

3. Volatility and volume of shares traded daily.

4. Any current news concerning the company’s growth or profitability.

5. The price of the option with respect to how you think the stock will perform. If you do not feel the stock’s movement will handily offset the cost of the option, plus the trading fees, then buying or selling the option would be fruitless.

6. Supply and demand of the underlying stock. (Industry group market action.)

Once you have decided upon which stock to pick, you next need to decide whether you believe the stock’s price is likely to rise or fall. (With stock options you can make money in either direction.)

By purchasing a Call option:

1. You expect the price of the underlying stock to rise, so you can then purchase it at the lower strike price, making a profit in the transaction.

2. You have the right to control 100 shares of stock for a fraction of the cost of purchasing the stock outright.

3. You are managing your risk by limiting the downside to the premium paid for the option. The major downside to buying any option is time decay. Your option expires within a finite period of time. If the underlying stock price behaves as expected, you will not need to be concerned about execution.

Having shown you the benefits of buying Calls over the risks of purchasing the stocks outright, we must emphasize the fact that buying short-term Calls has its associated risks as well. A Call buyer, especially a short-term Call buyer, is severely limited by the time-decay factor. The nearer to the expiration of an option, the less the option is worth, and the less time is remaining for the option to become profitable. Within the leverage used by gambling casinos (the house), the concept of short-term Call buying is completely understood, as well as exploited, as gamblers are considered short-term Call buyers.

Example: Consider your long-term Put, or Call, as a 6 to 8 month license to operate a casino. It allows you to capture short-term premiums; money that gamblers continuously give to you in attempting to beat the odds by speculating they will make profits on very risky bets. They feverishly feed the slot machines, ante up at poker, double-down on blackjack, or spin the roulette wheel. The odds are overwhelmingly against these short-term buyers. You, as the casino owner, continuously capture these short-term premiums, easily offsetting the expense of the license to operate the casino, then earning substantial, clear profits in the following months. They know the odds are with the casino owner, but they still take the enormous gamble on the slim chance they will hit a jackpot. The lottery works in the same manner.

On one side of the position, the transaction is definitely gambling, while on the other, the casino is simply engaging in business. Would you rather bet on the remote chance of a gambler’s rare, limited success, or rake in the steady, routine premiums captured from operating a successful business? Yes, occasionally a gambler does beat the odds to enjoy a limited, windfall return on his bet. For the casino owner, that is simply part of the cost of doing business. But we all know where the true, long-term profits lie. 30%, 40%, 50% and more, are common, and in short periods of time. The odds are with the short-term option seller, not the buyer.

When you choose a stock for short-term Call buying, you not only must carefully consider the proper stock for the type of option you are purchasing, you must also decide which direction the stock will move, then, that movement must occur within a specified, very limited period of time. Many investors have gone broke by attempting to make those same decisions. In short, time is not on the side of the short-term option buyer. It is on the side of the option seller.

Summary: 1. Buying stocks is risky.

2. Buying short-term options is less risky, but still risky.

3. Selling short-term options is the least risky, especially with a hedge, or insurance.

By selling a Call option:

1. You expect the underlying stock price to fall, so the option will not be exercised, but expire, worthless.

2. You can capture the entire premium that was paid to you, as profit. If the underlying stock price rises, you are obligated to sell 100 shares of stock at the lower strike price. If you do not already own those shares, you would then have to buy them at a higher market value, then sell them at the strike price, in order to meet your obligation. This situation is called a “Naked,” or “Uncovered” position, and is extremely dangerous. Anytime you sell a Call option you should consider buying the same option with a slightly lower strike price, and longer expiration date. This will reduce your profit potential, but will also reduce your risk considerably. (Remember the parallel twins, Risk and Reward

- If you want to reduce risk, you must also give up some degree of potential rewards. You may wish to lower your cost basis in the stock, to the extent of the premium received.

By purchasing a Put option:

1. You expect the price of the underlying stock to fall, allowing you to sell stock at the higher strike price, and thereby earning a profit.

2. This option is also used in a combination strategy as a hedge against selling Puts. We will explore that strategy later, in detail.

3. Buying Put options could also be used as a hedge, or insurance, against the possibility of a price drop in stock you already own. Consider the following:

You own 100 shares of ABC stock, and are concerned that the stock price could suddenly fall. You purchase a Put option on the same stock, with a strike price at current market value. If your stock falls in price, you would have the right to exercise your option and sell 100 shares of ABC stock at the higher strike price. The premium you paid for the option could be far less than the loss you would have incurred without that insurance. In this instance buying Puts acted as a hedge against the possibility of a price decrease in the stocks you already own. If the price of the underlying stock increases, your loss is limited to the premium you paid for the option. The option acts as an insurance policy against possible loss.

Selling a Put option without an opposing hedge -”Naked” You expect the price of the underlying stock to increase, causing the Put option you sold to expire worthless. You can then capture the entire premium paid to you, as profit. If the underlying stock price were to fall below the strike price, then you would be obligated to purchase the stock at the strike price, or pay the difference between the strike price and the stock price, if you do not want to own the stock. Your upside is limited to the premium received for selling the option. Your downside is potentially unlimited to the base value of whatever you could sell the stock for on the open market, or to the difference between the strike price and the stock price. This is a “Naked,” or “Uncovered” position, and should never be allowed to occur, unintentionally. Without the implementation of combination strategies, the main objective of the Put seller is to hope the option expires, allowing him to capture the entire option premium as profit. Nearing expiration, if the stock price moves below the strike price, changing the option’s value to ITM, and highly vulnerable to exercise, then the option seller must move quickly to buy back the option, perhaps lessening his profit potential, while also managing his risk. Even so, a small loss would be better than having to buy 100 shares of stock at inflated prices. Also, the loss can be immediately compensated for by simultaneously selling another Put expiring in the following month. We use OPM (Other People’s Money) to buffer downside risks, while buying more time for the stock price to rise.

Stock Option Trading, when done properly, can drastically reduce, or even eliminate, these two stumbling blocks to stock market success. In the first place, A trader of stock options never is not required to own the underlying stock in which an option is based. He or she can design a trade in such a way that downside risk is limited to the cost of the option, which in itself is a fraction of the cost of the stock. We capitalize on traders and speculators greed to get rich who purchase overvalued short term options bid up to inflated levels by an excess of demand over supply, by being the house or casino owner and capturing the inflated premium from the players or buyers. We buy reinsurance at a low cost by purchasing a longer term ( 5 to 6 months) out of the money option to sell the stock at a fixed price no matter how low it may drop. We buy this reinsurance ( puts ) to create a profitable hedge and sell overvalued puts repeatedly, month by month to bring the cost of our hedge down to zero and a credit so that we can enjoy a free ride capturing this inflated premium income. This strategy is known as diagonal put spreads and you do not need to pick a winner to profit.

An option is a derivative, meaning its price is based on an underlying asset. These underlying assets can either be stocks, Indexes or ETFs. An options trade involves giving someone the “right to buy or sell” a certain stock at a certain price by a specific time. Options help the investor to purchase stock at a lower price and to gain from a stock price’s rise or fall. If you buy an option to purchase securities, then it’s called a “call” option. If the option you buy is to sell securities, then it’s a “put” option. There is also a put and call option, whereby traders purchase both calls and puts on the same stock, with agreed prices and by an agreed date. Buying an option gives you the right, but not the obligation to purchase the asset at a specific price (called the strike price).

The hardest part of options trading is understanding all the jargon. But once you understand all the technical names, you’ll soon find out that basically what you really need to know is which way you think the stock price is going to go in the near future. Once you have an idea what’s going to happen, then all you need to do is use the right option trade to profit. For instance, if you expect a stock’s price is going to increase, then you would purchase a call option on that stock.

Options are not issued by companies like stocks are. All options that exist are “written” or sold by another trader somewhere. Therefore, you are directly betting against that person if you buy an option.

For Call options, if the price of the underlying asset is below the strike price of the option then it is “out of the money,” when the price of the asset crosses above the strike price it is called, “in the money.” This too works the opposite way for Put options. The price of the option has the greatest percentage moves when it crosses from out of the money to in the money but out of the money options also have the most risk.

So if you don’t want to risk large amounts of capital, but still want to use a smaller amount of money to gain from price variations, options trading can be the answer. There are very few risks and an option buyer cannot lose more than the price of the option, the premium.

There is much more involved with trading options, but these are just some of the most basic concepts to help you get started. The bottom line, is that options trading is something that you should only try once you’ve spent some time learning about the stock market, and if you can make decisions calmly when the pressure is on. A lot of information must be learnt before an educated trading decision can be arrived at.

Successful trading in futures, emini, stocks, options, forex or any market requires sound strategies and discipline. Actually discipline is more important than strategies. Learning the top notch strategies will not make you successful unless you are committed to follow rules strictly. Sound strategy can be applied to all markets. There are some so-called analysts in the market whose rules apply to one market only and at particular time. Objective analysis covers every market pointing out multiple opportunities in a week for day trading as well as swing trading. If you manage your risk effectively you can do daytrading or swing trading in any market. Rules are usually same in every time frame whether it is emini, emini futures, commodity trading, futures trading, options, stocks. Stock trading itself presents numerous opportunities because there are countless stocks in stock market. Another huge market is a currency market. Currency trading usually called forex trading offers huge potential of income if you know how to limit your risk. Many reputed brokers are now offering forex trading. The key is how you discipline yourself and follow rules all the time.

Another mistake of new traders is to trade live immediately after learning to trade. Paper trading with discipline could give huge amount of confidence over a period of time. What differentiates successful traders from failed traders is right decision at right time. Tough mindset is required to trade every market in every time frame.